An annotated checklist of Tetranychidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) of the Transcarpathian region (Ukraine)

The first checklist of spider mites (Tetranychidae) of Transcar-pathia, Ukraine is compiled based on the revision of collection materials stored in I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The mite collections of I. Akimov, A. Putrashik, and of the authors were studied, thus covering a 45 year-long period of research of spider mites in the study region. The checklist includes 28 species of 10 genera of tet-ranychid mites, which is about 40% of the species diversity of spider mites in Ukraine. For each species, information is provided on the number of individuals (males, females, nymphs, and larvae), host plants, record localities (for own collections — with geographic coordinates), as well as data on distribution in other regions of Ukraine. The largest part of the collection includes the findings of common species, such as Amphitetranychus viennennsis , Bryo-bia rubrioculus , and Panonychus ulmi . The genus Eotetranychus is represented by the largest number of species (8). Two species ( Eotetranychus quercicola Auger & Migeon, 2014 and Schizotet-ranychus beckeri Wainstein, 1958) are recorded for the first time for the fauna of Ukraine. In addition, 21 species of spider mites are noted for the first time for the territory of Transcarpathia. Three of the 11 species previously indicated for Transcarpathia, namely Oligonychus brevipilosus Zacher, 1932, Oligonychus lagodechii Liv. et Mitr., 1969, and Schizotetranychus jachontovi Reck, 1953 are not represented among the collection materials. In addition to the two taxa noted here for the first time in Ukraine, five species of tetranychids ( Bryobia praetiosa, Bryobia lagodechiana, Eury-tetranychus furcisetus, Schizotetranychus spireafolia , and Tetrany-chus frater ), which were previously discovered in other regions of Ukraine, should be included in the electronic database of Spider Mites Web as those recorded in Ukraine. Eight host plant species are indicated for the first time for six spider mite species ( Eupato-rium cannabinum for B. praetiosa, Armoracia rusticana, Betonica officinalis , and Melilotus officinalis for B. lagodechiana , Picea abies for E. furcisetus , Ribes nigrum for A. viennensis, Quercus robur for E. quercicola , and Salix glauca for S. shizopus ).


Introduction
Transcarpathia, or Zakarpattia Oblast, is quite speci c in comparison with other regions of Ukraine [Gerenchuk 1981].Features of the relief and climate, hydrological regime, a wide variety of natural biotopes create unique and promising conditions for investigating the fauna of this region.
e Transcarpathian vegetation is also quite diverse and includes almost half of the entire oristic richness of Ukraine.
However, only a few studies were conducted of the economically important plant-inhabiting mites of the Tetranychidae family in this region.Until recently, there was only one publication dedicated to the diversity of spider mites of Transcarpathia, in which 11 species of tetranychids were noted [Putrashyk 2011].e collected material was, however, only partly identi ed and published in that work.A few years ago, the entire collection of A. Putrashyk was kindly transferred to the scienti c collections of I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology.As a result of the revision of the materials, we have discovered some errors in the identi cation of specimens, and, accordingly, in the publication of Putrashyk.ree of the eleven species listed in the cited publication [Putrashyk 2011], namely Oligonychus brevipilosus Zacher, 1932, Oligonychus lagodechii Liv. et Mitr., 1969, and Schizotetranychus jachontovi Reck, 1953 have not been found in the collection.Also, a number of previously unpublished specimens of tetranychid mites from Transcarpathia collected by I. A. Akimov [1976] were identi ed in the collection materials housed in the Institute.Finally, own mite collections of the authors gathered in 2016-2017 and 2021 are also included in the present study.
Here we present the rst checklist of Tetranychidae from the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine.

Material and Methods
e checklist is based on results of the revision of collection materials gathered by Ihor Akimov (1976), Alla Putrashyk (2008-2012), and Olha Zhovnerchuk and Andreia Dudynska (2016-2017and 2021).Record localities and host plants, the number of specimens of each species are presented.Samples collected in 2016 and later are provided with coordinates and height above sea level; for older samples these data are not available.Data on the species distribution in other regions of Ukraine are also given.
Genera and species are given in alphabetic order.e names of host plants are given according to GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility).All specimens are housed in the scienti c collections of I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.e species is widely distributed in the world [Migeon & Dorkeld 2006-2022] and in Ukraine [Vojtenko 1969;Mitrofanov et al. 1987;Akimov & Zhovnerchuk 2010;Zhovnerchuk 2014b;Akimov & Zhovnerchuk 2016].

Tribe Hystrichonychini Pritchard & Baker, 1955
e world fauna of spider mites includes 22 genera of that tribe [Migeon & Dorkeld 2006-2022].In present study, the tribe is represented by one genus and a singular species.

Genus Tetranycopsis Canestrini, 1889
is genus of the tribe Hystrichonychini is represented only by 10 species in the database Spider Mites Web.ree of those species are noted for the fauna of Ukraine [Migeon & Dorkeld 2006-2022].Only one species of the genus is found in the Transcarpathian region.

Genus Eurytetranychus Oudemans, 1931
ere are 19 species of this genus in the world fauna.One species has been recorded in Ukraine [Migeon & Dorkeld 2006-2022].We noted two species of the genus in the Transcarpathian region, and a new host plant for one of them.e species is found in all geographical zones of Ukraine on Salix [Akimov 1965;Vojtenko 1969;Mitrofanov et al. 1987;Zhovnerchuk 2014b;Akimov & Zhovnerchuk 2016].Salix glauca is a new recorded host plant for this mite.
e species was described by Wainstein from western Russia [Migeon & Dorkeld 2006-2022].e nd is new for Ukraine.

Genus Tetranychus Dufour, 1832
is genus is represented by 153 species in the world fauna, only seven of them are recorded in the fauna of Ukraine [Migeon & Dorkeld 2006-2022].In the Transcarpathian region, we noted three species that are widely distributed in the world as well as a rare species that is not listed in the cited database for the territory of Ukraine.

Discussion
e checklist of tetranychid mites of the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine currently includes 28 species of 10 genera.Two species -Eotetranychus quercicola and Schizotetranychus beckerihave been recorded for the rst time for the fauna of Ukraine.For the rst time, 20 species of spider mites have been listed for the territory of Transcarpathia.Of the 28 species of spider mites, 25 species were found on deciduous trees, bushes, and grasses, and only three species on conifers.e genus Eotetranychus, represented by eight species, is the most diverse in the studied collection.Four genera (Amphitetranychus, Neotetranychus, Panonychus, and Tetranycopsis) are represented by only one species each.In addition to the two species of tetranychids new for the fauna of Ukraine, another ve species (B.praetiosa, B. lagodechiana, E. furcisetus, S. spireafolia, and T. frater) that have been previously recorded in other regions of Ukraine (steppe zone [Akimov 1965;Akimov & Zhovnerchuk 2016], forest zone [Vojtenko 1969], forest steppe zone [Akimov & Zhovnerchuk 2010;Zhovnerchuk 2014a-b;Zhovnerchuk & Chumak 2018;Zhovnerchuk et al. 2021], and Crimea [Mitrofanov et al. 1987]), can be added to the electronic database Spider Mites Web (Migeon & Dorkeld 2006-2022)  According to the Spider Mites Web database, there are 65 species of tetranychid mites known to occur in Ukraine [Migeon & Dorkeld 2006-2022].Even taking into account the fact that another seven species indicated in this publication have not been previously included in that list of species for Ukraine, the species richness of spider mites found in Transcarpathia (28 species) is about 40% of the group's richness in the whole of Ukraine.If we analyse the species composition of tetranychids in di erent natural zones of Ukraine, the highest richness (40 species) is found in the steppe zone [Akimov & Zhovnerchuk 2016], followed by the forest-steppe zone with 37 species [Zhovnerchuk 2014b], whereas the lowest species richness (20) is noted for the zone of mixed forests [Vojtenko 1969].In Hungary, neighbouring Transcarpathia, 46 species of tetranychid mites are currently known, while in Romania and Slovakia eight and seven species, respectively [Migeon & Dorkeld 2006-2022].Obviously, it can be explained by the degree of exploration of these territories.At the same time, a number of species indicated for the Hungarian fauna may as well be found in the territory of the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine upon further thorough research.