Proceedings of the National museum natural history of Ukraine №8 - 2010
Abstract
M. A. Korobchenko, I. V. Zagorodniuk, I. G. Emelyanov
Taras Shevchenko Luhansk National University,
National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine
Underground Rodents as Life Type of Mammals
A study of underground rodents began more than 100 years ago and evolved several periods: the description of species diversity and unique features, investigation and analysis of the morphological adaptations, study of the underground ecotope parameters, the study of adaptations in biology, physiology, ethology and ecology of underground rodents; investigations of sensor ecology. Each period of investigations of burrowing rodents is characterized especially by viewpoint of ecological and physiological peсuliarities of species. Among of underground life adaptations, 5 most significant peculiarities in physiology, sensory, morphology, and ethology are considered. The detailed analysis of ecophysiological, behavioral and sensorial adaptations of burrowing rodents to underground environments is also given. Highly specialized subterranean rodent species known in Ukraine, namely Spalax and Ellobius, are similar to each other, but they differ in the adaptation level to underground ecotope. Differences in adaptations to underground life between these two rodent groups are analyzed.
Key words: underground rodents, adaptations, physiology, sensorial ecology, sociality, underground habitat.
I. V. Zagorodniuk
Taras Shevchenko Luhansk National University
Mammals of the North-Eastern Ukraine: changes of fauna and views about fauna composition since review by A. Czernay (1853) to the present. Communication 2
Communication 2 completes the comparative analysis of species composition of mammal fauna occurring in former Kharkiv Government according to the review by O. Czernay (1853) and modern data on regional fauna composition. Whereas the first communication mainly concerned the changes in taxonomy and nomenclature of species, the current communication is devoted to changes in fauna composition. It is demonstrated that for the last one and a half centuries fauna has essentially changed due to loss of some game animals and “installation” (both natural invasion and artificial introductions) of new alien species, as well as due to replacement of aborigine steppe communities by more moisture-loving and forest ones. Index of fauna rotation (IFR) for the region in a whole is 22%, but changes in abundance and distribution of some particular species are more essential. In each subregion or concrete locality, these changes are yet greater and reach at least 30–40% of formal composition of fauna during the century. Taking into account the huge changes of pattern of species dominance in local faunal communities, the noted processes correspond to the signs of ecocatastrophe (disappearance of aborigine species with the expressed environment-making function, loss of the role of key indicator species in zonal complexes, dominance of alien species in many local communities, etc.). The basic stake of historical changes of fauna is related to human activity and could be corrected only through the cardinal changes (or lessening of scale) of current barbarous forms of the natural management.
Key words: mammals, taxonomy, fauna, historical changes, Kharkiv government, Ukraine.
O.A. Kovalenko
National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine
Finds of alien plant species in the surroundings of National nature park “Pyryatynsky (Ukraine, Poltava region)
The article provides information about finds of 14 alien plant species in the surroundings of NNP “Pyryatinsky”. 3 species are new for Poltava-region and 4 localties are one of the most northern in the Livoberezhne Prydniprovya. A dangerous of invasion of this alien species are discussed.
Keywords: alien species, phytoinvasion, national nature park, conversation of phytodiversity.
A.N. Krasnova, A.I. Kuzmichov
Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences
Natural ecological and sozological estimate Hydrophytobiota of National park ,,Russkiy Sever’’
In this article are given floristic, taxonomical, ecological-coenotic, chorological, sozological feature of hydrophytobiota vascular plants of national park ,,Russkiy Sever’’. The vegetation park are analyses and select rare grouping.
Key words: lake, hydrophytobiota, flora, taxonomical structure. types of areas, typological structure, syntaxon, rare grouping, Russia.
L.I. Krytsjka
National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine
Genus Lotus L. in the flora of Ukraine
Discusses the historical view of the understanding of species in the genus Lotus L. Provides a morphological description of the genus, sections, subsections, and keys to species in the genus. For each species is given the diagnosis ukrainian language, basion, most synonymy, environmental-cenotic characteristic habitats, geographic distribution, as well as the "locus classicus" for protologu, for some species cited a typical example.
Кеу words: genus Lotus L., taxonomy, flora, protolog, type, lectotype, Ukraine.
L.I. Krytsjka
National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine
The main features of flora of the steppes and limestone outcrops Right-Bank Cereal Step (north-western Black Sea region)
Presented is the main stages of flora Right-Bank Cereal Step. It is emphasized that the overall development of flora under the influence of climate aridization towards gradual kriofityzation and kserofityzation. On the example of the formation paleoendemics, mezohronoendemics and neoendemics shown that flora is heterohronnoyu age and alohtonnoyu-autochthonous origin. Important role in the formation of the studied flora played The ancient Middle-earthand and Black Sea region, and among their regions — the Balkans, Asia Minor, Mountain Crimea, Mountain Central Asia, Azov region, Lower Don.
Кеу words: history of flora, paleobotany, paleogeography, florogenetics, Right-Bank Cereal Step, Ukraine
V.V. Novosad
National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine
Biomorphological structure flora of Plain Crimea region and it’s analyses
Considered biomorhological structure flora of Plain Crimea region. General habitus, continuance greater life cycle, type vegetations, types of underground and elevated provine, type of root systems are selection general biomorphological features of plants. At the general features of biomorfological structure flora of Plain Crimea region is characterize as thermophilic sub-mediterranean flora. It has some specific peculiarity and it has approaching with nemoral-forest and forest-steppe floras what it was promoting transitional and ecotone characters.
Key words: vascular plants, flora, biomorfological analyses, spectrum vital forms, biomorphogroups, Plain Crimea, Ukraine.
I.F. Udra
Institute of Geography, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
The Reasons of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) Area Reduction and Migrational Ability of Restoration of its Former Area
Some features of european hornbeam area are discussed. A mape of geographical distribution of Carpinus betulus in Ukraine is presented. Possibility of forests survival on western slopes of Middle-Russian Uprise and then subsequent migration along valleys of Desna, Sula, Psel and Vorskla rivers is ascertained. Since the emergence of agriculture oak and hornbeam forests in Left bank Ukraine were mostly exterminated and survived only in areas protected by rivers. According to autor’s finding the restoration of the former hornbeam area is impossible because of weak migrational ability and high insularization level of deciduous forests.
Keywords: hornbeam, area, dynamics, migration.
O.F. Scherbakova
National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine
Assessment strategies for behavior model rare plants species of Kоdymo-Elanetsky Bug region
Behavior strategy model rare plants species of Kоdymo-Elanetsky Bug Region determined over a range of distinctive features. Determined that the predominant feature of the integral behavior of Atocion hypanicum is the reactivity of the other species — tolerance, which is combined with the expression in different degrees of competition. Signs of reactive strategies appear except Atocion hypanicum, also in Dianthus hypanicus, Silene sytnikii, Gymnospermium odessanum, Crocus reticulatus and Fritillaria ruthenica.
Key words: rare species, the behavior strategy of species, Kоdymo-Elanetsky Bug region, Ukraine.
V. M. Matsui
National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine
From gallipot — resin upto amber-succinite
This paper considers the problem of amber-succinite and fossil amber-like resins origin. It is characterized by four stages of live coniferous trees fossilization phenomenon: 1) “amber forests”; 2) peat paleo-swamps; 3) marine environments; 4) subaerial and subsoil conditions.
Key words: amber-succinite, amber-like resins, palaeo-swamps, placer in shallow water conditions.
O.V. Chervonenko
National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine
National Museum of Natural History National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine — 2008–2010: three years on the way to creation of a modern museum
A history of foundation and development of the National Museum of Natural History (Kiev) is briefly reviewed, as well as its current structure and main areas of activity. A particular emphasis is placed on the recent adoption of up-to-date trends fitting the current socio-economic conditions and the requirements to be met by the modern museum. This goal is being achieved along with continuing the best traditions and experience gained over decades. In addition to traditional (scientific, museum-centred, educational, cultural) lines of activity, the museum’s progress in using the modern business technologies for the last three years is shown. The problems hindering the museum business in Ukraine and the strategic prospects for its development are discussed.
I.M. Anishchenko, N.V. Gurinovich, I.P. Sirenko
M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Informative computer system of N.S. Turczaninow personal herbarium collection of typical samples
Paper is devoted the questions of construction and use of informative computer system for N.S. Turczaninow personal herbarium collection of typical samples from funds of the National Herbarium of M.G. Kholodny Institute of botany NAS of Ukraine (KW). The system structure, which developed by authors, and the detailed description of tables with attributive information for databases of this collection are presented. On examples of interface windows the possibilities of the developed system, such as advantage to storage, processing and use of an unique information of N.S. Turczaninow personal collection are visually shown. Possibility of export/unloading of information from databases to Internet network are presented. This informative computer system is designed for a wide range of botanists, teachers and students of biological specialities of the higher and average special educational institutions and all users, who is interested by questions of systematics and floristics of the vascular plants in whole and N.S. Turczaninow collection in particular.
Key words: conceptual model, databases, computerization of Herbarium, personal Herbarium collections, nomenclature list of species, DBMS FoxPro, Internet, web page.
G.V. Anfimova
National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine
Relics of paleontological assembly in Geological museum: Krantz’s collections
The museum and scientific importance of Krantz paleontological collections is considered, the information аbout the author and history of collections’ coming to the museum are presented.
Key words: paleontological collections, museum importance.
T.M. Surgova, E.K Vovnyanko, S.O. Tkachenko, J.V. Karlash, G.G.Gavrys’
SE “Ukrainian State Centre of Science-Technical and Innovative Expertise”
Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine
Ministry of Education and Sciences of Ukraine
About scientific objects of zoological profile that pretend to the obtaining the status of national heritage
On the basis of acting in Ukraine normative documents the main expert evaluation criteria of scientific and practical importance of zoological collections that pretend to the status of national heritage have been given.
Key words: unique scientific objects, zoological collection, zoological funds, scientific and technical expertise, national heritage.
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