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Cite as
Kryuchenko,
N., E. Zhovinsky, P. Paparyga. 2022. Using the bioindication method for
determining air pollution by heavy metals.GEO&BIO, 22: 144–149. [In Ukrainian, with English summary]
Using the bioindication method for determining air
pollution by heavy metals
Використання
біоіндикаційного методу для оцінки забруднення атмосферного повітря
важкими металами
doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/gb2211
Nataliya Kryuchenko 1 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8774-9089
Edward Zhovinsky 1 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-5998
Petro Paparyga 2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4021-0809
1
M. P.
Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation, NAS of
Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine);
2 Carpathian
Biosphere Reserve, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources
of Ukraine (Rakhiv, Ukraine)
pdf: gb2211_144-149-kryuchenko.pdf
Abstract
The results of studies of
chemical pollution (Pb, Zn) of perennial grasses—Elymus repens L., Artemisia absinthium L., and
Hypericum perforatum L.—on background plots and within the areas of impact
of industrial enterprises in Kropyvnytskyi (Ukraine) are presented. It is
noted that chemical pollution is the most dangerous. The activity of
enterprises is considered, in the result of which heavy metals enter the air.
Testing of plants (stems and leaves) was carried out at a distance of 10–100 m
from the enterprises. The content of heavy metals in the aboveground part of
plants was analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer in the laboratory of
the Department of Exploratory and Ecological Geochemistry, IGMR NAS of Ukraine.
The comparison of sorption properties of different plants in the same phases of
development allowed plants with bioindication capabilities to be identified. The
results of the analysis showed that plants most effectively accumulate the
maximum amount of heavy metals from the atmospheric air at the end of the
summer dormancy phase (second half of August). At this time the plant requires
the minimum amount of nutrients that it takes from the soil. Stems and leaves
of perennial grasses actively accumulate aerosols and fine dust on their
surface due to plant secretions with the formation of a mucous film that
actively adsorbs heavy metal ions. The background, minimum, and maximum content
of heavy metals in plants is determined. Comparing the content of heavy metals
in plant samples in the background and study plots, it was found that E. repens near industrial enterprises is
the most effective bioindicator of air pollution. In order to determine the
level of atmospheric air pollution using bioindication methods, the index of
plant contamination (Sр) was proposed, which is the ratio of concentration
coefficient of heavy metals and their amount. An assessment scale for
atmospheric air pollution with heavy metals has been developed based on the
contamination index (Sр) of bioindicator plants: the degree of pollution is 1–3—weak, 3–6—medium, 6–9—strong, more than 9—very strong. The proposed coefficients allow for conducting a
situational assessment of atmospheric air pollution with heavy metals using
bioindication methods.
Key words
bioindicator
plants, heavy metals, atmospheric air, industrial enterprises, contamination
index.
Correspondence to
Nataliya Kryuchenko; M. P. Semenenko Institute of
Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation, NAS of Ukraine, 34 Akademika Palladina Аvenue, Kyiv, 03142
Ukraine, Email: nataliya.kryuchenko@gmail.com; orcid:
0000–0001–8774–9089
Article info
Submitted: 19.05.2022.
Accepted: 30.06.2022
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