Cite as

Shupova, T., V. Tytar. 2022. Long-term monitoring of the European roller (Coracias garrulus) in Ukraine: is climate behind the changes? GEO&BIO, 23: 154–171. [In English]

Long-term monitoring of the European roller (Coracias garrulus) in Ukraine:
is climate behind the changes?

doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/gb2313

Tetiana Shupova1* orcid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2829-8633

Volodymyr Tytar2 orcid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0864-2548

1 Institute of Evolutionary Ecology, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine)

2 I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine)

pdf:  gb2313-shupova.pdf

Abstract

The European range of the roller was formerly more extensive, but since the 1980s there has been a long-term decline in numbers and in range, particularly towards the north, including much of north-western Ukraine. Our specific goals were to reconstruct the environmentally suitable range of the species in Ukraine before the 1980s, gain better knowledge on its requirements, compare the past and current suitable areas, infer the regional and environmental variables that best explain its occurrence, and quantify the overall range change in the country. For these purposes we created a database consisting of 584 findings made in Ukraine, based on a lengthy record of occurrences extending back to 1851: 203 for the period prior to 1980, 91 for records made between 1985 and 2009, and 290 records made between 2010 and 2020. We employed a species distribution modelling (SDM) approach to hindcast changes in the suitable range of the roller during historical times across Ukraine and to derive spatially explicit predictions of environmental suitability for the species under current climate and a set of factors that were hypothesised to be of importance to roller presence and securing a sufficient food base. SDMs were created for three time intervals (before 1980, 1985–2009, 2010–2020) using corresponding climate data. SDMs show a decline of suitable for rollers areas in the country from around 86 to 44%. Several factors, including land cover and land use, human population density etc. that could have contributed to the decline of the species in Ukraine, were considered. For example, the loss of area of ‘short vegetation’ appears detrimental, although recent gains in this respect have favoured the bird in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone and around, where Landsat images show the change from a previously vibrant agricultural and forestry economy, when crops have been replaced by grasslands. Threats posed to the roller by habitat and land use change are also likely to be compounded by the effects of global climate change. In summary, we suggest climate change, in particular velocity, have been responsible for shaping the contemporary home range of the European roller in Ukraine and perhaps beyond.

Key word

Coracias garrulus, species distribution modelling, ecological niche, climate change, velocity of climate change.

Correspondence to

Volodymyr Tytar; I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine; 15 Bohdan Khmelnytsky Street, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine; Email: vtytar@gmail.com.

Article info

Submitted: 27.11.2022. Accepted: 30.12.2022.

References

Abatzoglou, J. T., S. Z. Dobrowski, S. A. Parks, et al. 2018. TerraClimate, a high-resolution global dataset of monthly climate and climatic water balance from 1958–2015. Scientific Data, 5. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.191

Allouche, O., A. Tsoar, R. Kadmon. 2006. Assessing the accuracy of species distribution models: prevalence, kappa and the true skill statistic (TSS). Journal of Applied Ecology, 43: 1223–1232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01214.x

Araújo, M. B., M. Luoto. 2007. The importance of biotic interactions for modelling species distributions under climate change. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 16 (6): 743–753. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00359.x

Austin, M. 2002. Spatial prediction of species distribution: an interface between ecological theory and statistical modelling. Ecological Modelling, 157: 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00205-3

Avilés, J. M., J. M. Sanchez, D. Parejo. 2000. Nest-site selection and breeding success in the Roller (Coracias garrulus) in the Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Journal für Ornithologie, 141, 345–350.

Aviles, J. M., D. Parejo. 2002. Diet and prey type selection by Rollers Coracias garrulus during the breeding season in southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Alauda, 70: 227–230.

Baldwin, R. A. 2009. Use of maximum entropy modeling in wildlife research. Entropy, 11 (4): 854–866. https://doi.org/10.3390/e11040854

Bale, J. S., G. J. Masters, I. D. Hodkinson, et al. 2002. Herbivory in global climate change research: Direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores. Global Change Biology, 8: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00451.x

Baltensperger, A. P., K. Joly. 2019. Using seasonal landscape models to predict space use and migratory patterns of an arctic ungulate. Movement Ecology, 7: 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-019-0162-8

Barbet-Massin, M., W. Thuiller, F. Jiguet. 2011. The fate of European breeding birds under climate change, land-use and dispersal scenarios. Global Change Biology, 18: 881–890. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02552.x

Battisti, A., L. Marini, A. Pitacco, et al. 2013. Solar radiation directly affects larval performance of a forest insect. Ecological Entomology, 38: 553–559. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12047

Beck, J., L. Ballesteros-Mejia, P. Nagel, et al. 2013. Online solutions and the “Wallacean shortfall”: What does GBIF contribute to our knowledge of species’ ranges? Diversity and Distributions, 19: 1043–1050. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12083

Belyalova, L. E. 2020. Some data on the nesting ecology of the Roller Coracias garrulus on the northwestern slopes of the Turkestan ridge. The Russian Journal of Ornithology, 29 (1881): 441–447 [In Russian]

Birdlife International. 2015. European Red List of Birds. Birdlife International, Cambridge, 1–12.

Bokotey, A. A., N. Yu. Sokolov. 2000. Catalogue of the ornithological collection of the State Natural Science Museum. Lviv, 1–164 [In Ukrainian]

Bonan, G. B. 1989. A computer model of the solar radiation, soil moisture, and soil thermal regimes in boreal forests. Ecological Modelling, 45 (4): 275–306. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(89)90076-8

Brochet, A.-L., W. Van Den Bossche, S. Jbour, et al. 2016. Preliminary assessment of the scope and scale of illegal killing and taking of birds in the Mediterranean. Bird Conservation International, 26 (1): 1–28. Doi: 10.1017/S0959270915000416

Burakovsky, I., O. Betliy. 2009. Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on the Ukrainian Economy: Regional Aspects. Analytical Report. Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting, Kyiv, 1–15.

Burfield, I. J., F. P. J. van Bommel. 2004. Birds in Europe: Population Estimates, Trends and Conservation Status. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK, 1–374.

Carlson, C. J. 2020. embarcadero: Species distribution modelling with Bayesian additive regression trees in r. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 11 (7): 850–858. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13389

Carne, C. 2017. Predicting habitat suitability for the wart-biter bush cricket (Decticus verrucivorus) in Europe. Journal of Insect Conservation, 21 (2): 287–295.

Catry, I., A. Sampaio, M. C. Silva, F. Moreira, et al. 2019. "Combining stable isotope analysis and conventional techniques to improve knowledge of the diet of the European Roller Coracias garrulus". Ibis, 161 (2): 272–285. https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12625.

Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Documentation for the Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4), Revision 11 Data Sets. Palisades NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). https://doi.org/10.7927/H45Q4T5F

Cervellini, M., P. Zannini, M. Di Musciano, et al. 2020. A grid-based map for the Biogeographical Regions of Europe. Biodiversity Data Journal, 8: e53720. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e53720

Cohen, M., M. McKinney, S. Kark, et al. 2019. Global invasion in progress: modeling the past, current and potential global distribution of the common myna. Biological Invasions, 21: 1295–1309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-018-1900-3

Conrad, O., B. Bechtel, M. Bock, et al. 2015. System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA) v. 2.1.4. Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, 8: 2271–2312. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-2271-2015

Cornioley, T., L. Börger, A. Ozgul, et al. 2016. Impact of changing wind conditions on foraging and incubation success in male and female wandering albatrosses. Journal of Animal Ecology, 85 (5): 1318–1327. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12552

Cramp, S. 1985. The Birds of the Western Palearctic, Vol. 4: Terns to Woodpeckers. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1–960.

Expósito-Granados, M., D. Parejo, O. Chastel, et al. 2020. Physiological stress and behavioural responses of European Rollers and Eurasian Scops Owls to human disturbance differ in farming habitats in the south of Spain. Bird Conservation International, 30 (2): 220–235. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270919000388

Fernández-Tizón, M., T. Emmenegger, J. Perner, et al. 2020. Arthropod biomass increase in spring correlates with NDVI in grassland habitat. The Science of Nature, 107: 42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-020-01698-7

Finch, T. M. 2016. Conservation ecology of the European Roller. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia, UK, 1–183.

Finch, T., C. Branston, H. Clewlow, et al. 2019. Context-dependent conservation of the cavity-nesting European Roller. Ibis, 161 (3): 573–589. https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12650

Fisher, J. B., R. J. Whittaker, Y. Malhi. 2011. ET come home: potential evapotranspiration in geographical ecology. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20 (1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00578.x

Florczyk, A. J., C. Corbane, D. Ehrlich, et al. 2019. GHSL Data Package 2019, EUR 29788 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2019, ISBN 978-92-76-13186-1, JRC 117104. https://doi.org/10.2760/290498

Foley, J. A., R. Defrie, G. P. Asner, et al. 2005. Global consequences of land use. Science, 309 (5734): 570–574. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1111772

Franchuk, M. V., R. O. Zhuravchak. 2016. Revision of avifauna of Somyne Mass, Rivnenskyi Nature Reserve. Troglodytes, 7: 111–123.

Garcia, R. A., M. Cabeza, C. Rahbek, et al. 2014. Multiple dimensions of climate change and their implications for biodiversity. Science, 344 (6183): 1247579. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1247579

Gashchak, S. P. 2018. Vertebrate animals of the Chernobyl zone (Chernobyl radiation-ecological biosphere reserve), included in the Red Book of Ukraine (2009). Problems of the Chernobyl exclusion zone, 18:5–55. [In Russian]

GBIF.org (14 November 2021) GBIF Occurrence Download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.2w6yq7

GBIF.org (21 May 2022) GBIF Occurrence Download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.w5nexy

Grinnell, J. 1917. The niche-relationships of the California Thrasher. Auk, 34 (4): 427–433.

Guisan, A., W. Thuiller. 2005. Predicting species distribution: offering more than simple habitat models. Ecology Letters, 8: 993–1009. 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00792.x

Guziy, A. I. 1996. Ornithofauna of the Ukrainian Roztocze. Zapovidna sprava v Ukraini, 2, 30–36. [In Ukrainian]

Hallgren, W., L. Beaumont, A. Bowness, et al. 2016. The Biodiversity and Climate Change Virtual Laboratory: Where ecology meets big data. Environmental Modelling & Software, 76: 182–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.10.025

Hamann, A., D. R. Roberts, Q. E. Barber, et al. 2015. Velocity of climate change algorithms for guiding conservation and management. Global Change Biology, 21 (2): 997–1004. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12736

Hammer, Ø., D. A. T. Harper, P. D. Ryan. 2001. PAST: Paleontological statistics soft ware package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4 (1): 1–9. http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm

Havrys', H. H. 2009. Roller. Red Book of Ukraine. Fauna. «Globalkonsalting», Kyiv, 471. [In Ukrainian]

Hebda, G., K. Kata, M. Żmihorski. 2019. The last meal: large insects predominate the diet of the European Roller Coracias garrulus prior to population extinction. Bird Study, 66 (2): 173–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2019.1630361

Hedenström, A., T. Alerstam. 1995. Optimal flight speed of birds. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 348: 471–487. http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1995.0082

Herrmann, D. L., A. E. Ko, S. Bhatt, et al. 2010. Geographic variation in size and oviposition depths of Romalea microptera (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is associated with different soil conditions. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 103 (2): 227–235. https://doi.org/10.1603/AN09131

Hijmans, R. J., L. Guarino, M. Cruz, et al. 2001. Computer tools for spatial analysis of plant genetic resources data: 1. DIVA-GIS. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter, 127: 15–19.

Huntley, B., Y. C. Collingham, R. E. Green, et al. 2006. Potential impacts of climate change upon geographical distributions of birds. Ibis, 148 (1): 8–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00523.x

Jiménez-Valverde, A., A. Peterson, J. Soberón, et al. 2011. Use of niche models in invasive species risk assessments. Biological Invasions, 13: 2785–2797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-9963-4

Kiss, О., I. Catry, J. M. Avilés, et al. 2020. Past and future climate-driven shifts in the distribution of a warm-adapted bird species, the European Roller Coracias garrulous. Bird Study, 67 (2): 143–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2020.1784842

Kiss, O., Z. Elek, C. Moskat. 2014. High breeding performance of European Rollers Coracias garrulus in heterogeneous farmland habitat in southern Hungary. Bird Study, 61 (4): 496–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2014.969191

Klestov, M. L., N. P. Halchenko, O. D. Nekrasova, et al.2016. Flora and fauna of the lower Sula River. Kyiv, 1–240. [In Ukrainian]

Klestov, M. L., H. H. Havrys, O. I. Andriievska. 2014. Rare and endangered birds of the lower reaches of the Sula River. Cherkasy University Bulletin: Biological Sciences Series, 36 (329): 40–45. [In Ukrainian]

Knysh, M. P. 2007. Retrospective note on the nesting of the Roller near the city of Sumy. Berkut, 16 (2): 280–281. [In Ukrainian]

Knysh, M. P., M. E. Matvienko. 1995. Catastrophic state of the grayling population in the North-East of Ukraine. Problems of study and protection of birds. Lviv-Chernivtsi, 72–73. [In Ukrainian]

Kovács, A., B. Barov, C. Urhun, et al. 2008. International Species Action Plan for the European Roller Coracias garrulus garrulus. Besenyotelek, Hungary, 1–52.

Kozlovskyi, R. S., V. O. Pohranychnyi, I. M. Horban. 1994. Ornithofauna of the landscape reserve «Starytsi Dnistra». The 1st Conference of Young Ornithologists of Ukraine (Lutsk, March 4–6, 1994). Chernivtsi, 76–79. [In Ukrainian]

Li, X., Y. Wang. 2013. Applying various algorithms for species distribution modelling. Integrative Zoology, 8 (2), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12000

Liang, S., K. Wang, X. Zhang, et al. 2010. "Review on Estimation of Land Surface Radiation and Energy Budgets From Ground Measurement, Remote Sensing and Model Simulations," in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 3 (3): 225–240. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2048556

Liu, C., P. M. Berry, T. P. Dawson, et al. 2005. Selecting thresholds of occurrence in the prediction of species distributions. Ecography, 28 (3): 385–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2005.03957.x

Lloyd, C., A. Sorichetta, A. Tatem. 2017. High resolution global gridded data for use in population studies. Scientific Data, 4: 170001. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.1

Loarie, S. R., P. B. Duffy, H. Hamilton, et al.. 2009. The velocity of climate change. Nature, 462: 1052–1055. Medline https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08649

Luck, G. W. 2007. A review of the relationships between human population density and biodiversity. Biological Reviews, 82 (4): 607–645. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00028.x

Lugovoi, A. E., L. A. Potish. 2004. Red Book of Ukraine and birds of Transcarpathia. Berkut, 13 (1): 115–118. [In Russian]

Lüütsepp, G., A. Kalamees, O. Lüütsepp. 2011. European Roller (Coracias garrulus) in Estonia 2000–2011. Hirundo 24, 61–72.

Martínez Pastur, G., P. L. Peri, R. M. Soler, et al. 2016. Biodiversity potential of Nothofagus forests in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina): tool proposal for regional conservation planning. Biodiversity and Conservation, 25: 1843–1862. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1162-2

Materials for the 4th edition of the Red Book of Ukraine. Fauna. 2018a. Conservation Biology in Ukraine, 7 (1). Kyiv, I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1–442. [In Ukrainian]

Materials for the 4th edition of the Red Book of Ukraine. Fauna. 2018b. Conservation Biology in Ukraine, 7 (2). Kyiv, I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1–454. [In Ukrainian]

Materials for the 4th edition of the Red Book of Ukraine. Fauna. 2019. Conservation Biology in Ukraine, 7 (3). Kyiv, I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1–416. [In Ukrainian]

McDonnell, M. J., A. K. Hahs. 2008. The use of gradient analysis studies in advancing our understanding of the ecology of urbanizing landscapes: current status and future directions. Landscape Ecology, 23: 1143–1155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-008-9253-4.

Novak, V. O. 1994. Preliminary analysis of avifauna of Letychiv district. The 1st Conference of Young Ornithologists of Ukraine (Lutsk, March 4–6, 1994). Chernivtsi, 5–7. [In Ukrainian]

Novak, O. V., A. V. Savchuk. 1991. Coraciiformes of the Rivne region. Materials of the 10th All-Union Ornithological Conference (Vitebsk 1991), 2 (2). Minsk, 124–125. [In Russian]

Novikov, G. A. 1953. Field research on the ecology of terrestrial vertebrates. Sov. Nauka, Moscow, 1–502. [In Russian].

Osorio, F., R. Vallejos. 2014. SpatialPack: package for analysis of spatial data. R package version 0.2-3. http://cran.r-project.org/package=SpatialPack.

Parmesan, C., G. Yohe. 2003. A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature, 421: 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01286

Peheta, V. P. 1991. Long-term changes in the avifauna of the environs of Kiev. Mater. X All-Union ornithol. conf. Vitebsk 1991: abstracts. Navuka i tekhnika, Minsk, 2 (2): 140–141. [In Russian]

Peklo, A. M., 1997. Catalog of the collections of the Zoological Museum of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Birds, 2. Kyiv, 184–197 [In Russian]

Pepper, J., E. Hastings. 1952. The effects of solar radiation on grasshopper temperatures and activities. Ecology, 33 (1): 96–103. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1931255

Phillips, S. J., M. Dudik. 2008. Modeling of species distributions with MaxEnt: new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation. Ecography, 31 (2): 161–175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.5203.x

Pimm, S. L., P. Raven. 2000. Extinction by numbers. Nature, 403: 843–845. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/35002708

Pohranychnyi, V. O., R. S. Kozlovskyi, M. I. Makhnyk. 1994. Ornithofauna of the Lazy tract and its surroundings. The 1st Conference of Young Ornithologists of Ukraine (Lutsk, March 4–6, 1994). Chernivtsi, 104–106. [In Ukrainian].

Poniatowski, D., T. Fartmann. 2008. The classification of insect communities: Lessons from orthopteran assemblages of semi-dry calcareous grasslands in central Germany. European Journal of Entomology, 105 (4): 659–671. Doi: 10.14411/eje.2008.090

Potapov, P., S. Turubanova, M. C. Hansen, et al. 2021. Accelerated expansion of global cropland extent in the 21st century. In Review. Nature Portfolio Journal. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-294463/v1

Potish, L. A, N. I. Potish. 2006. Catalog of collections of the Zoological Museum of Uzhhorod National University. Birds: exhibition collection. Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, 1–38. [In Ukrainian].

R Core Team 2020. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL: https://www.R-project.org/

Records of protected animal, plant and fungi species in Ukraine. 2020. Conservation Biology in Ukraine, 19. Kyiv, Fund "Biodiversity Protection Fund of Ukraine", 1–704. [In Ukrainian]

Red Data Book of Krasnodar Province. 2017. 3rd edition. Part 2 (Vertebrates), 452–720. [In Russian]

Rodriguez, J., J. M. Avilés, D. Parejo. 2011. The value of nestboxes in the conservation of Eurasian Rollers Coracias garrulus in southern Spain. Ibis, 153 (4): 735–745. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2011.01161.x

Redinov, K. O. 2006. Ornithofauna of the Elanetsky Steppe Nature Reserve. Zapovidna sprava v Ukraini, 12(1): 46–56. [In Ukrainian]

Rumsey, D. J. 2016. Statistics For Dummies, 2nd Edition, 1–416. ISBN 978-1-119-29352-1. URL: https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Statistics+For+Dummies%2C+2nd+Edition-p-9781119293521

Rydgren, K., R. H. Økland, T. Økland. 2003. Species response curves along environmental gradients. A case study from SE Norwegian swamp forests. Journal of Vegetation Science, 14 (6) : 869–880. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3236984

Santini, L., A. Benítez-López, L. Maiorano, et al. 2021. Assessing the reliability of species distribution projections in climate change research. Diversity and Distributions, 27 (6): 1035–1050. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13252

Saunders, P. W. Habitat change and climate effects on the European Roller (Coracias garrulus); implications for conservation. 2016. Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., 1–165.

Shepard, E. L. C., Wilson, R. P., Rees, W. G., Grundy, E., Lambertucci, S. A., Vosper, S. B. 2013. Energy landscapes shape animal movement ecology. The American Naturalist, 182 (3): 298–312. https://doi.org/10.1086/671257

Soberón, J., M. Nakamura. 2009. Niches and distributional areas: concepts, methods and assumptions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 106, Suppl. 2: 19644–19650. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901637106

Song, X. P., M. C. Hansen, S. V. Stehman, et al. 2018. Global land change from 1982 to 2016. Nature, 560: 639–643. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0411-9

Sosnowski, J., S. Chmielewski. 1996. Breeding biology of the Roller Coracias garrulus in Puszcza Pilicka Forest (Central Poland). Acta Ornithologica, 31 (2): 119–131.

Torres, L. G., P. J. Sutton, D. R. Thompson, et al. 2015. Poor transferability of species distribution models for a pelagic predator, the Grey Petrel, indicates contrasting habitat preferences across ocean basins. PLoS ONE, 10 (3): e0120014. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120014

Tucker, G. M., M. F. Heath, L. Tomialojc, et al. 1994. Birds in Europe: Their Conservation Status. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK, 1–600.

Ulyura, E., V. Tytar. 2018. Terrestrial vertebrates of post-coalmining sites in the Donets Basin. Geo&Bio, 16: 99–109. https://doi.org/10.15407/gb.2018.16.099

Ulyura, E., V. Tytar. 2017. Terrestrial vertebrates of post-quarrying sites in the Donbas region of Ukraine. Vestnik Zoologii, 51 (6): 517–526. https://doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2017-0062

Uvarov, B. P. 1977. Grasshopers and Locusts. A Handbook of General Acridology. Volume 2. Behaviour, ecology, biogeography, population dynamics. London: Centre for Overseas Pest Research, Cambridge University Press, 1–613.

Visconti, P., M. Bakkenes, D. Baisero, et al. 2016. Projecting global biodiversity indicators under future development scenarios. Conservation Letters, 9 (1): 5–13. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12159

Wiens, J. J. 2011. The niche, biogeography and species interactions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B. Biological Sciences, 366 (1576): 2336–2350. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0059

Wilson, J. D., A. J. Morris, B. E. Arroyo, et al. 1999. A review of the abundance and diversity of invertebrate and plant foods of granivorous birds in northern Europe in relation to agricultural change. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 75 (1–2): 13–30. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00064-X

Wolf, B. O., G. E. Walsberg. 1996. thermal effects of radiation and wind on a small bird and implications for microsite selection. Ecology, 77 (7): 2228–2236. Doi: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2265716

Wormworth, J., K. Mallon. 2006. Bird Species and Climate Change. The Global Status Report: A synthesis of current scientific understanding of anthropogenic climate change impacts on global bird species now, and projected future effects, 1–75.

Yadav, S., A. J. Stow, R. M. B. Harris, et al. 2018. Morphological variation tracks environmental gradients in an agricultural pest, Phaulacridium vittatum (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Journal of Insect Science, 18 (6): 13. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iey121

Yang, K., J. He, W. Tang, et al. 2010. On downward shortwave and longwave radiations over high altitude regions: Observation and modeling in the Tibetan Plateau. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 150 (1), 38–46. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.08.004.

Ying, Q., M. C. Hansen, P. V. Potapov, et al. 2017. Global bare ground gain from 2000 to 2012 using Landsat imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 194 (1): 161–176. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.03.022